Which finding is characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Which finding is characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

• A. NVD, NVE, NVI, or vitreous hemorrhage
• B. CME without neovascularization
• C. CWS and microaneurysms only
• D. Stone-like exudates in the macula

Answer: (A)

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is defined by neovascularization driven by retinal ischemia. The hallmark is new abnormal vessels forming on the optic disc or elsewhere on the retina, and these fragile vessels can extend into the vitreous, causing vitreous hemorrhage. Neovascularization of the iris is also common and can lead to neovascular (rubeosis) glaucoma. This neovascular activity distinguishes proliferative disease from nonproliferative signs, which include cotton-wool spots, microaneurysms, and, when present, macular edema without neovascularization. Therefore, finding neovascularization in the retina or on the iris, with possible vitreous hemorrhage, is characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is defined by neovascularization driven by retinal ischemia. The hallmark is new abnormal vessels forming on the optic disc or elsewhere on the retina, and these fragile vessels can extend into the vitreous, causing vitreous hemorrhage. Neovascularization of the iris is also common and can lead to neovascular (rubeosis) glaucoma. This neovascular activity distinguishes proliferative disease from nonproliferative signs, which include cotton-wool spots, microaneurysms, and, when present, macular edema without neovascularization. Therefore, finding neovascularization in the retina or on the iris, with possible vitreous hemorrhage, is characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.